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The Origination and Rise of American Basketball

Many people follow basketball without knowing its rich history. Basketball, like all other sports, has a unique origin story. James Naismith created this lively and active sport to provide children and adults with something to play indoors during the cold winter months. James was a teacher at a Christian Association training school. There, he was asked to create an indoor game that could be used for both entertainment and physical education. He began his work in the winter of 1891 comparing the sports he practiced as a child. One game in particular had a major influence on what would later be called basketball. This game was called “Duck on a Rock” and consisted of one individual guarding their “duck” from others. Naismith also took ideas from earlier religious traditions created by the Mayans and Aztecs. These cultures used a rubber ball and ring for one of their indoor games. The ring resided on a post and shots were made vertically. After extensive studies, he formulated the game of basketball.

Basketball originally had thirteen rules that were easy to understand and follow. The ball itself could be thrown in multiple directions, hit, and had to be held with the player’s hands. Players could not run with the ball. It had to be thrown between the players. Dirty tricks such as tripping, pushing and holding were not allowed. Fouls were defined as breaches of the above rules and using a fist to knock the ball out of a player’s hand. Three faults received consecutively by a team brought back a point to the other team. Baskets can be made by throwing the ball or knocking it out of the player’s hand. A ball out of bounds is put back into play and belongs to the first player to come into contact with it. The referees noted the faults and judged the overall play of the match. Referees decided when the ball was in play, out of bounds, kept track of time and determined which team had possession of the ball. Naismith presented the timing as two halves lasting fifteen minutes. A five-minute break was allowed between halves. Whoever scored the most goals during those periods was the winner of the match. Basketball still follows most of these same basic rules today.

The first game took place on December 29, 1891. A soccer ball and peach baskets were used for the festivities. Basketball spread around the world largely with the help of the US military and teachers. As Americans fought in Europe during World War I, they discovered the sport and began to practice it wherever they went. Physical education teachers also started using basketball in their lessons and the game became a well-known sport. The National Basketball Association wasn’t founded until June 1946. Many smaller championships and leagues were created before that date, but most disbanded fairly quickly. Racial integration in the league began in 1942. Thereafter, the sport became what we know today.

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